Scriptural Reflection
Matthew 16:13–20
If
you look at the maps of your Bible, you will find Caesarea Philippi to
the north of the Sea of Galilee, a place that Herod’s son Philip (who
ruled this country as the tetrarch) had enlarged and beautified, and had
named after both Caesar and himself (Lenski, COTNT, Matthew, 618). The
disciples had followed Jesus for some time - they saw Jesus’ miracles,
heard His teachings, witnessed the fierce opposition of the Pharisees
and knew Jesus up close. Now, Jesus began to reveal His ultimate plan of
suffering to them in this chapter (16:21ff).
1. Who did the people, in general, think that Jesus was?
2. To be thought of as Elijah or Jeremiah would have
been a great honor already. Why was it not enough for Jesus?
3. Why then did Jesus follow with the question, “
But,
what about you? Who do you say I am?” What is the significance of the
word, “
but”?
4. Now Peter’s response was obviously correct: but was
it enough for him to acknowledge Jesus as the Christ (i.e. Messiah)?
Why not?
5. In general, who do the people of today say, that
Jesus is? In what aspects are the people right? In what way are they
wrong and how wrong are they?
6. What about you? Who do you say Jesus is?
7. What did Jesus attribute Peter’s correct answer to? What about your answer? How did you get it?
8. Jesus was making a play on words, because the name,
“Peter” means a stone, but a rock is much larger. Before we seek to
understand these verses, please turn to John 20:23 in which Jesus spoke,
not only to Peter, but to all the disciples. This implies that whatever
Jesus had to say to Peter, He was saying to Peter as a representative.
If this is the case, what or who did Peter represent?
9. Here, verse 18 marks the very first time Jesus used
the word, church, which in its original meaning is “a group of people
being called out”. If you were one of the disciples who heard Jesus say
the term, "my church", for the very first time,
a. What image does it conjure in your mind?
b. Why does such a group of people need to be built almost like a structure?
c. What does a rock mean? Why does this “building”
need a rock? Since Peter is a representative, who would be part of this
rock?
d. What challenges would this “church” face?
e. Does what Jesus said in v. 19 refer to power or function? Why?
f. Who and what ultimately determines the eternal fate of a person, in terms of forgiveness and eternal life?
g. What then are the “keys” of the kingdom of Heaven?
10. How did the disciples use the keys as we learn from the rest of the New Testament?
11. How should we, as the church, continue to make use of the keys?
12. What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?