This week, we shall conclude the
study of the Book of Deuteronomy in the Old Testament.
30:1-10—A Concluding Charge — Exile Foretold—In a very pragmatic fashion, Moses speaks to a future generation that survives the judgment of exile:
(1) Having reiterated a good part of the commandments which the Lord has already set for His people with the hope that they would take them to heart, what does Moses expect to see happen with the words, “whenever the Lord your God disperses you among the nations” (v. 1)
(2) What then is the purpose of giving them these commandments if Moses has already foreseen their disobedience? (vv. 2-3)
(3) According to history, what has happened to the nation of Israel? Will they have any hope? (vv. 4-5)
(4) What is the basis of this promised restoration? (vv. 6, 10)
(5) How will this come to pass? (Zech. 12:10ff; Rom. 11:25ff)
(6) Has this happened to Israel yet?
(7) When this actually happens, what are the promises they can count on? (vv. 6-9)
30:11-14—A Concluding Charge—Not Hard to Observe —The Apostle Paul applies this passage to explain righteousness through faith in Christ.
(8) What is Moses’ emphasis when he refers to the command that he is giving, as not being up in heaven nor beyond the sea?
(9) To emphasize that “the word is very near you”:
a. What might “in your mouth” mean?
b. What might “in your heart” mean?
(10) Read Romans
10:1-11 carefully, paying attention to Paul’s explanation of the meanings of
“heaven”, “deep”, “mouth” and “heart”. According to Paul, how would you answer the following questions?
a. Who has been brought down from heaven to right where we are? (Rom. 10:6)
b. Who has been brought up from the deep (Paul’s adaption of the sea)? (Rom. 10:7)
c. How then should we treat the word (Christ) with our mouth and with our heart? (Rom. 10:9)
d. Is this an exercise of “work” or of “faith”?
e. What will the exercise of our faith in the word (Christ) lead to? (Rom. 10:10)
(11) Of course, the people in Moses’ day would not have any knowledge of Christ. Should they be able to obey the words commanded by Moses? Why or why not?
(12) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“No, the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart so you may obey it.’’ (Deut. 30:14)
Is it hard or difficult to obey the words of the Lord? I think, by experience, you will agree with me that there are times we find it easy and there are times that we find it hard, and it is not necessarily the kind of command of the Lord that matters, but what season our spirit is in.
Jesus says, “If a man remains in me and I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing.” (Jn. 15:5)
It was the same with Job who had an “intimate friendship” with God (Job 29:4); it was the same with Moses who spoke to the Lord as a friend (Exod. 33:11); and it was the same with Abraham from whom God would not hide His plan to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 18:17). It was not that these men would not make mistakes in their lives — they all did, but their continuous walk with the Lord enabled them to obey and keep God’s words with all their heart and with all their soul (30:2). Of course, as Abraham had clearly demonstrated, their continuous walk with the Lord was not a righteous relationship based on work but on faith (Gen. 15:6).
To these men in the Old Testament, “righteousness by faith” may not have been as obvious to them as to us, and it might belong to the “secret things” (29:29), but to us, it certainly belongs to “things revealed” (29:29). And we have no excuse in disobeying any of the commands of the Lord since we have confessed with our mouth that Jesus is Lord and believed in our heart that God raised Him from the dead (Rom. 10:9) and thus have gained righteousness through faith in Christ. Therefore, let’s spend time with the Lord often, remain in His love and His word, and we shall bear fruit of all kinds, especially that of obedience.
30:15-20—A Concluding Charge—A Choice of Life or Death
(1) Moses solemnly calls the people to make a choice before the Law. Consider the following:
a. Is it a choice of a better life? (v. 15)
b. Why or why not?
(2) While
the blessings appear to be of this life, especially within the context of the
entrance into the Promised Land (v. 16), how would you answer the following?
a. What does this life or death ultimately point to? (Jn. 3:16)
b. How does Moses sum up God’s requirement for them as he sets the “Law of Moses” before them? (v. 16a)
(3) Just as he set before them blessings and curses earlier, Moses now again reminds them of the curses (vv. 17-18).
a. How does he sum up the curses? (v. 18)
b. What does Moses warn them about as the factors (or reasons) that will cause them not to love the Lord and obey His commands? (v. 17)
(4) Why does Moses call upon the heavens and the earth as witnesses between God and His people? (v. 19) What does it mean?
(5) In urging them to choose life, what powerful reasons does Moses use? (vv. 19b-20)
(6) Given the reasons stated by Moses, how privileged should the people consider themselves?
(7) What is meant by, “For the Lord is your life”?
(8) If you were the people of Israel, what would you choose? Why?
(9) What did they choose subsequently? Why?
31:1-8—Moses’ Farewell (I)—Appointing Joshua as Successor
(10) In talking about not being able to lead the people into the Promised Land, what did Moses say concerning the following?
a. What he cited before as the reason. (3:26)
b. What he now gives as the reason. (v. 2)
(11) In encouraging the people under Joshua’s leadership, Moses gives assurances:
a. What does Moses assure them of God’s role in their journey? (vv. 3, 8)
b. What proof does Moses cite for their assured success? (v. 4)
c. Why does Moses have to repeat so many times that they (the people and Joshua) should be strong and courageous and not be afraid and terrified? (vv. 6, 7, 8)
d. Twice Moses assures them the God “will never leave you nor forsake you” (vv. 6, 8)
- What should it mean to them?
- What does it mean to you today?
(12) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“The LORD himself goes before you and will be with you; he will never leave you nor forsake you. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged.” (Deut. 31:8)
It is interesting to read that as Moses passed the baton, so to speak, to Joshua, he felt compelled to repeat quite a few times in urging the people not to be afraid or terrified, but to be strong and courageous.
On the one hand, we can understand that Moses knew his people just too well. He knew that they were prone to focus on the immediate hardship and danger and forget the mighty presence of the Lord, who had demonstrated time after time His faithfulness to His people by delivering them with powerful signs and miracles.
On the other hand, they were facing a rather unprecedented time in their journey, and that was the soon absence of Moses as their leader. To the people, Moses did represent God — his presence almost guaranteed God’s presence. To a certain extent, their trust in God has been tightly associated with their trust in Moses. Now, they have to shift such a medium of trust to Joshua. No matter how much they might respect Joshua, he is not Moses.
However, this change of leadership and a change of focus of trust is a must, if the people are going to learn to trust in God and God alone. As much as Moses is going to leave them, one day Joshua will too. If they are to learn to trust not in men, but in God alone, the departure of Moses is a must.
This is the same with us today. It is also necessary for God to take away circumstances, people or things in which we unknowingly have put our trust. The continuous presence of these “things” or “people” will only hinder our growth in faith—they have become crutches that hinder our true and intimate knowledge of God as the One who “will never leave us or forsake us” (31:6, 8).
31:9-13—Moses’ Farewell (II)—Mandated Annual Public Reading of the Law
(1) When will the law given by Moses be read yearly? (v. 10)
(2) To whom will the law be read? (v. 12)
(3) What is the purpose for this mandate? (v. 13)
(4) How might we emulate this practice today?
31:14-29—Moses’ Farewell (III)—Commissioning of Joshua
(5) How does the Lord affirm Joshua’s leadership? (v. 15)
(6) At this commissioning, the Lord foretells the failures and sins of the people: Why? (vv. 16-18)
(7) If you were Moses, how would you feel knowing that the people would rebel even more so after your death?
(8) What does the Lord ask him to do as a result? (vv. 19-22)
(9) Since God knew that what they were disposed to do even before He brought them into the land He promised them on oath, why then would He deliver them and give them the Promised Land? (v. 21)
(10) What kind of love is it?
(11) What might this foretelling mean to the would-be leader, Joshua?
(12) What command does the Lord give to Joshua as a result? (v. 23)
(13) The written book of the Law:
a. Where will it be placed? (v. 26)
b. Why does Moses say that this book of the law “will remain as a witness against” the people?
(14) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“I know what they are disposed to do, even before I bring them into the land I promised them on oath.” (Deut. 31:21b)
At first, I found it strange that God would choose to foretell the failures and sins of the people upon their entrance into the Promised Land at the time of the official affirmation of Joshua as the successor of Moses, whose death is also mentioned in the same breath (31:16).
To Joshua, it would signify not only a very daunting task ahead, but a task of futility as well. Why would Joshua want to take on a task that is doomed to fail?
To Moses, it must be heartbreaking. He has put up with the rebellion of these people for 40 years—at times risking to be stoned to death by them (Exod. 17:4). However, he has learned to love this people as his own, willing even to risk his eternal destiny in order to save the people from God’s wrath (Exod. 32:32). And now, he is told that all his efforts, including the writing of all the laws and decrees would come to naught—how heartbroken he must be!
Perhaps, it was exactly because how Joshua and Moses must have felt that God chose to reveal His own heart and said, “I know what they are disposed to do, even before I bring them into the land I promised them on oath” (31:21).
In other words, even though the Lord knew in advance that these people would rebel against Him, He still chose to save them, and to choose them as His own. We might ask, "Why?". The only possible explanation is love — love that would never give up on them. Therefore, in spite of what is bound to happen, there is only one thing that Moses and Joshua have to do and can do, and that is to love the people, as the Lord loves them.
Isn’t this the way the Lord loves you and me?
Moses’ Farewell (IV)—The Song of Moses (Part 1)
(1) What is the purpose of the song that the Lord asks Moses to write? (31:19)
(2) The introduction (vv. 2-4)
a. While Moses called on the heavens and the earth to be witnesses against the people earlier (30:19), he now expresses his desires before them that his words would be like rain or dew that falls on “new grass” and “tender plants” (v. 2). What does he mean by that?
b. Although the song is meant to be a witness for the Lord against the people (31:19), Moses still opens with words of adoration and praise:
- What is the ultimate purpose of his song? (v. 3)
- What is the one analogy (or image) he uses to portray the Lord in this song? (v. 4) What does this image portray?
- In describing the Lord as “the Rock”, what attributes of the Lord does Moses speak of? (v. 4)
(3) The disposition of the people (vv. 5-6; see 31:21)—In this song, Moses is inspired by the Lord not only to foretell their rebellion but to point out who they have always been:
a. Who are the people in essence? (v. 5)
b. Who is God to them? (v .6b)
c. How should they have repaid Him as their Father and Creator?
d. How do they treat God instead?
(4) A call to remember their past (vv. 7-26)
a. Chosen among the nations (vv. 7-9) — To the nations God is called “the Most High”, but to Israel (Jacob) He is called “the Lord”: What does that mean? (v.9)
b. From barrenness to abundance (vv. 10-14) — This does not appear to refer solely to the desert where God led them in the past 40 years, but rather, it refers to the entire history of Israel leading up to the present beginning with His “finding” of Jacob in this plight and changing his name to Israel. Consider the following, within these verses:
- What was Jacob’s condition when found by God? (v. 10)
- What has he (now called Israel) become (or will become in the future)? (vv. 13-14)
- What images does Moses use of God in His shielding and guarding of Israel? (vv.10-11)
- What marked this period of their history? (v. 12)
c. From abundance to apostasy (vv. 15-18)—“Jeshurun” means “the upright one” (i.e. Israel)
i. What image does Moses use to describe why they would abandon God in the future? (v. 15)
ii. What is the sin highlighted in this song? (vv. 16-17)
iii. How does this betrayal prove who they are as described in v. 5?
d. Rejection by a jealous God (vv. 19-22)
- God’s reaction to the sin of Israel is described as one of jealousy and anger: How does God justify such a reaction? (vv. 19-21a)
- How will He repay them? (vv. 21b-22)
e. God’s Judgment (vv. 23-26)
(5) What impact will this song have on the people as Moses teaches them to sing as part of his farewell?
(6) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“I will proclaim the name of the LORD. Oh, praise the greatness of our God!” (Deut. 32:3)
The Lord explicitly told Moses to write a song before his death, telling him “to teach it to the Israelites and have them sing it, so that it may be a witness for me against them” (31:19). From the contents of the song, it is obvious that it is a song of warning and punishment. Moses would have to write and sing it with a heavy heart, sensing that all his efforts in pronouncing, teaching and writing all the laws and decrees would be for naught. Instead, we find him opening the song with adoration and praise to the Lord:
“I will proclaim the name of the LORD. Oh, praise the greatness of our God! He is the Rock, His works are perfect, and all His ways are just. A faithful God who does no wrong, upright and just is He.” (32:3-4)
How could he praise the Lord in view of the fate of his people — destruction and death, especially in the hands of their enemies? Within these few words of praise and adoration, Moses reveals to us these things:
(1) The Lord, and whatever He does, is just and fair. He does not make mistakes.
(2) He is a faithful God. As much as He will punish His children for their transgressions, He has promised that He will never leave us or forsake us (31:6, 8).
(3) Perhaps, most important of all, we are not the center of the universe, but God is. Whatever we do and however we live, our ultimate purpose, as the Apostle Paul reiterates many times, is for “for the glory of God” and “the praise of His glory” (1 Cor. 10:31; Eph. 1:6, 12, 14).
Indeed, as Moses also points in in his song, He is the God who made us, our Rock and our Savior who fathered us and gave us birth, especially our spiritual birth (32:15, 18); our lives are never about us, but about Him. Therefore, in all our situations, we are to “proclaim the name of the Lord… (and) praise the greatness of our God” (32:3).
32:27-47—Moses’ Farewell (IV)—The Song of Moses (Part 2)
(1) God and the nation He uses to punish Israel (vv. 27-33)
a. Although God will raise up a certain nation as Israel’s enemy, what does He dread about this nation? (v. 27)
b. What is this nation ignorant of? (vv. 28-30)
c. What should this nation know about their rock (the gods they trust) and the Rock of Israel? (v. 31)
d. Vines, grapes and wine likely point to the fruit of the enemy (vv. 32-33): As prosperous as they might be, what is their origin? What then is the implication?
(2) God’s vengeance and vindication (vv. 34-42)
a. When will God take His revenge on Israel’s enemy? (vv. 34-35)
b. The time of God’s vengeance is also the time for Israel’s vindication (vv. 36-38):
- What does the Lord call Israel? (v. 36a)
- What will His punishment reduce His people to? (v. 36b)
- How will the Lord mock at their gods at that time? (vv. 37-38)
c. What will Israel and the nations come to realize or see as to who God is? (v. 39)
d. What will happen to God’s enemies? (vv. 40-42)
(3) The end of the song (v. 43)
a. Why does Moses call not only Israel, but the nations to rejoice?
b. In giving the reasons for all to rejoice, what aspects of God's character does Moses depict in v. 43?
(4) Moses’ final word of exhortation (vv. 44-47)
a. What is the core message of his final word? (v. 47)
b. What should this song mean to the people of Israel today?
32:48-52—Moses is Ordered to Ascend Mount Nebo to Die
(5) What is the reason reiterated here for not allowing Moses and Aaron to enter the Promised Land? (v. 51; Num. 20:7-13)
(6) What lesson might we learn from this “punishment”?
(7) While Aaron died in Mount Hor (near Edom), Moses is allowed to die in Mount Nebo: What is the significant difference between the two places? (v. 52)
(8) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“But I dreaded the taunt of the enemy, lest the adversary misunderstand and say, ‘Our hand has triumphed; the LORD has not done all this.’” (Deut. 32:27)
As Moses penned his “swan song” to warn his people about their future apostasy and judgment, he highlights two different kinds of sins: One for their enemy — the nation used by God as His tool for judgment of Israel, and one for the people of Israel.
The sin of their enemy is basically one of “atheism” captured by these words, “but I dreaded the taunt of the enemy, lest the adversary misunderstand and say, ‘Our hand has triumphed; the LORD has not done all this’” (32:27). In other words, even though they witness victories that could only be explained by the supernatural—one man chasing a thousand, or two putting ten thousand to flight (32:30), they deny the presence and the power of the Almighty God, and attribute their triumph to their own ability.
On the other hand, the sin of the people of Israel is one of “polytheism” as they worship all kinds of gods as their rock, making sacrifices to them, instead of to their Creator God, their Father (32:6, 37-38).
As I reflect on these two kinds of sin, I wonder which is worse, which is more difficult to repent from! From a human perspective, the former might be easier to repent from, because sooner or later, even though people may pride themselves on their achievement and wisdom, they will come to realize their limitations—if not because of a sudden change of fortune, it will either be death or serious illness that causes them to realize their mortality. On the other hand, the polytheists might have experienced so-called miracles that they attribute to their gods and it would be hard for them to realize their folly. However, just the same, by the mercy of God, they will eventually face situations that even their gods cannot “rise up to help” (32:38).
In this song of Moses, he prophesies that one day, both the people of Israel and the unbelieving nations will come to rejoice as they witness God’s faithfulness—avenging the blood of His servants; God’s justice—taking vengeance on His enemies; and God’s mercy—making atonement for His land and His people (32:43).
While we still await the fulfillment of the first two prophecies, the world has already witnessed the fulfillment of the third—God’s mercy in His making atonement for all mankind through the sacrifice of His Son, Jesus Christ on the cross!
Moses’ Farewell (V)—Blessings on Each Tribe (1)—We should note that these blessings differ from the ones pronounced by Jacob in that they presumably are meant for the more immediate future of occupying the Promised Land (with Simeon not being mentioned). We shall consider each in light of the earlier blessings by Jacob in Genesis 49:
(1) The introduction to the blessings (vv. 2-5)
a. What significant event is being highlighted by Moses in terms of God's history, where He reveals Himself to Israel? (v. 2)
b. What is being emphasized in this epiphany? (v. 2)
c. What does this epiphany show? (v. 3)
d. What does the giving of the “Law of Moses” mean to the nation of Israel? (vv. 4-5)
e. Because of this introduction, what additional information might we have about the setting of the giving of the law in Sinai? (see Acts 7:53; Gal. 3:19; Heb. 2:2)
(2) The blessing of Reuben (v. 6)
a. Who was Reuben? (Gen. 49:3-4)
b. Though he lost his birthright to Judah, what blessing does he receive from Moses?
(3) The blessing of Judah (v. 7)
a. What role had Judah assumed? (Gen. 49:10)
b. How does this blessing of Moses relate to his role?
(4) The blessing of Levi (vv. 8-11)
a. What role has Levi assumed since the time of Jacob? (v. 8; Exod. 28:29-30)
b. In all the testing of the Lord by Israel (with Massah and Meribah simply cited as examples), what have the Levites demonstrated to the Lord? (v. 9; see the incident in Exod. 32:26-29)
c. What are their three main responsibilities highlighted by this blessing? (vv. 8, 10)
d. How does this blessing of Moses relate to their responsibilities? (v. 11)
(5) The blessing of Benjamin (v. 12)
a. What was the emphasis in the blessing by Jacob? (Gen. 49:27)
b. How different is this blessing by Moses, as much as Benjamin still “played a prominent part in the war against the Canaanite armies” (NICOT, 397)? Why?
(6) The blessing of Joseph (vv. 13-17)
a. How similar is this blessing (especially in vv. 13-16) to that pronounced by Jacob? (Gen. 49:22-26)
b. How relevant is Moses’ blessing in v.17, as they enter into the Promised Land, with the tribes of Joseph’s two sons taking over the name of their father (note that Joseph is not mentioned as a tribe later on in Israel’s history)?
(7) The blessings of Zebulun and Issachar (vv. 18-19)
a. What were the original blessings by Jacob on the two tribes? (Gen. 49:13-14)
b. Apart from prosperity and peace, what does Moses bless them with in terms of their role in the worship of the Lord?
(8) The blessing of Gad (vv. 20-21)
a. What was the emphasis in the blessing by Jacob? (Gen. 49:19)
b. But now, Gad has already “chosen” the best land east of Jordan (3:12ff), but they have agreed to fight for and with their brothers: How does the latter part of the blessings relate to their role among the tribes? (see the fulfillment of their responsibilities in Jos. 22:1-6)
(9) The blessing of Dan (v. 22)
a. When compared to the blessings by Jacob (Gen. 49:17), how similar is this blessing?
b. In what way is it different?
(10) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“The LORD came from Sinai and dawned over them from Seir; He shone forth from Mount Paran. He came with myriads of holy ones from the south, from His mountain slopes.” (Deut. 33:2)
In pronouncing his final blessing to Israel before his death, Moses’ blessings appear to be focused on their well-being while in the Promised Land that they are about to possess and their military ability to conquer their foes. However, he prefaces his blessings with a reminder to his people of the true bases of their blessings which include the following:
(1) Who the Lord is:
Moses reminds the people what they have witnessed at Sinai—the glorious appearance of the Lord which could be seen from Seir in the east and Paran in the north. In this reminder, Moses gives us additional insight into the setting of the giving of the Law in that the Lord in fact appeared with “myriads of holy ones” (33:2) who “bow down” at His feet, and from whom Moses received the law. This allows us to understand what the NT writers say about the role of angels in the giving of the law (Acts 7:53; Gal. 3:19; Heb. 2:2).
(2) The giving of the Law shows that God loves them:
This glorious epiphany of the Lord together with the giving of the Law to the people shows unmistakably God’s love for them in choosing them as His people and in entering a covenant with them (33:3).
(3) God is their king:
Because of the above, Jeshurun (the upright one, referring to Israel) should know that only the Lord is their King (33:5).
Therefore, as much as these blessings are important and relevant to each of the tribes, the message is quite clear: The granting of these blessings is based on their fear of the awesome God, their love of the Lord who first loved them and their obedience to the Lord as their King.
33:22-29—Moses’ Farewell (IV)—Blessings on Each Tribe (2)
(1) The blessing of Naphtali (v. 23)
a. What was the original emphasis of Jacob’s blessing? (Gen. 49:21)
b. What additional blessing is being pronounced by Moses?
(2) The blessing of Asher (vv. 24-25)
a. What was the original emphasis of Jacob’s blessing? (Gen. 49:20)
b. The name of Asher means “happy one, blessed”: In what ways does Moses say they will be blessed?
c. Some years ago, upon reading the blessing given by Moses on Asher, someone decided to spend money drilling for oil in the land of Asher: Do you think it is the proper way to understand Moses blessings? Why or why not? (Note: Oil, in the OT always refers to olive oil, understandably, or as an image of an overflow of blessings.)
(3) Conclusion of blessings (vv. 26-29)—as Israel is about to enter the Promised Land
a. What should they know about their God?
b. How can they be sure of victory over their enemies and that they will dwell in safety and abundance?
c. How blessed are the people of Israel? (v. 29)
34:1-12—The Death of Moses
(4) As much as Moses was not allowed to enter the Promised Land, he was given the opportunity to behold the land before his death, and God Himself showed it to him. What might this have meant to Moses? (vv. 1-4)
(5) Who was the one who buried Moses? (v. 6)
(6) Why does the editor of Deuteronomy mention that “but to this day no one knows where his grave is”? Is it a good thing or a bad thing? (v. 6)
(7) Why does the Bible emphasize that even at 120 years old, Moses’ eyes were not weak nor was his strength gone? (v. 7)
(8) How special was Moses among his people? (vv. 10-12; you may want to pause at this time and write a short reflection on the life of Moses)
(9) Given the gigantic stature of Moses, do you think Joshua could really be successful as his successor? Why or why not? (v. 9; see Note below)
(10) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
Note:
The Book of Joshua describes the entrance into the Promised Land led by Joshua and it represents one of the most united eras in the history of Israel.
“Since then, no prophet has risen in Israel like Moses.” (Deut. 34:10)
The entire Pentateuch ends with an epitaph for Moses — what a tremendous privilege for a man of God to be remembered in such a way in the Holy Scriptures. The epitaph begins with this lavish commendation: “Since then no prophet has risen in Israel like Moses” (34:10).
Indeed, it is a great honor to be remembered in the Bible as such. However, among the things that have made him so great are the unmatched wonders and signs he did to “Pharaoh and to all his officials and to his whole land”, plus other awesome deeds and mighty power that he did in the sight of all Israel (34:11-12). But, the greatest of all his greatnesses appears to lie in that fact that he was the one “whom the Lord knew face to face” (34:10) because this is what was mentioned first before everything else.
Indeed, all the signs and wonders that Moses had performed, as great they were, were 100% the works of God; he was just an instrument. In essence, the performance of a miracle is really nothing for anyone to brag about. However, the greatest reward a servant of the Lord can receive is being known by the Lord face to face.
To know the Lord face to face is already something to be admired, because it depicts one’s intimate friendship with the Lord. However, to be known by God face to face means that he is totally transparent and honest with the Lord, and based on what God knew about Moses, he was considered trustworthy enough to perform unprecedented signs and wonders on God’s behalf, and yet all the time, he remained, “a very humble man, more humble than anyone else on the face of the earth” (Num. 12:3). In that sense, we might even say that no servant of the Lord has risen greater than Moses!