This week, we shall continue the study
of the book of Ezekiel in the Old Testament.
Inquiry by the Wicked
(1) The elders in exile come before Ezekiel (vv. 1-3)
a. What is their purpose of sitting down in front of Ezekiel? (v. 3)
b. These elders are now in exile:
- What should they have learned from their fate?
- In refusing to let them inquire of Him, the Lord accuses them of the following:
1) They have set up idols in their hearts. What does it mean?
2) They have put up wicked stumbling blocks before their faces. What does it mean?
(2) The Lord promises to answer such a wicked person Himself:
a. How will He answer that person? (v. 8)
b. What is His purpose? (v. 5)
c. What then is God’s message to the house of Israel? (v. 6)
(3) The prophet who obliges the request of the wicked (vv. 9-11)
a. Why shouldn’t the prophet utter a prophecy in response to the request of the wicked? (v. 9)
b. If he obliges, what likely will he prophesy about? Why?
c. How will God deal with such a prophet? Why? (vv. 9-10)
d. What is God’s ultimate desire in punishing both the wicked and the prophet? (v. 11)
(4) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“And if the prophet is enticed to utter a prophecy, I the Lord have enticed the prophet and I will stretch out my hand against him and destroy him from among my people Israel.” (Ezek. 14:9)
Although Ezekiel
has not made plain why the elders in exile have come before him to inquire of
the Lord, “evidently (they have come) with the intention of obtaining, through
him, a word of God concerning the future of Jerusalem or the fate of the
kingdom of Judah” (K&D, 102). However, their intention is definitely not one of obedience (14:3),
because the Lord points out the following:
- They have set up idols in their heart, meaning that they have yet to learn a lesson from their exile and have yet to repent from their idol worship (14:6).
- Thus, they have continued to be stumbled by their wickedness.
However,
God also warns Ezekiel and any other prophets that they are not even to answer their inquiry
at all for these reasons:
- Should they oblige their request, it would be out of enticement to please them with prophesies inconsistent with what God has already pronounced—that of judgment and not of hope.
- If somehow, they find some vision based on which to prophesy, it will be God who entices them, like the incident in 1 Kings 22:20 ff in which a lying spirit is sent by God to fool the false prophets.
Indeed, in our effort to convince the skeptics and those who are bent on opposing the unchangeable standards of the Word of God, we need to be careful not to invent new ideas that are inconsistent with what God has already pronounced in the Bible, lest we are guilty of the same sin the Lord warns Ezekiel and other prophets of his time against.
14:12-20—The Judgment Against an Unfaithful Nation
(1) What kind of a nation is this prophecy directed against? (v. 13a)
(2) Hypothetically, God says three of His righteous men were in that nation:
a. Noah: In what way does Noah express his righteousness? (Gen. 6:9ff, Heb. 11:7; 2 Pet. 2:5)
b. Daniel: In what ways does Daniel express his righteousness? (Dan. 1:8; 6:10)
c. Job: In what ways does Job express his righteousness? (Job 1:20-22)
(3) Why does the Lord say that even if these three men, who are known for their righteousness, were in the nation, “they could save only themselves”? (14:14)
(4) First example of punishment that God will send to such an unfaithful nation (vv. 13-14; see Note below)
a. What is it?
b. How severe will it be?
(5) Second example (vv. 15-16)
a. What is it?
b. How severe will it be?
(6) Third example (vv. 17-18)
a. What is it?
b. How severe will it be?
(7) Fourth example (vv. 19-20)
a. What is it?
b. How severe will it be?
(8) What is the central message of these four examples?
(9) What contemporary nation(s) can you think of with this warning?
14:21-23—The Judgment on Jerusalem
(10) In comparison to the (hypothetical) nation mentioned above, why does the Lord say, “How much worse will it be” for Jerusalem? (v. 21)
(11) As the judgment should be “much worse”, what is the difference in the final outcome of the judgment? (v. 22)
(12) What is the purpose of giving them survivors who will eventually come to them (i.e. those already in exile)? (v. 22)
(13) The prophecy ends with these words, “for you will know that I have done nothing in it without cause”?
a. How might these words console Ezekiel and the exile?
b. How might these words console you in your current situation?
(14) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
Note:
The
four types of disasters that will befall an unfaithful nation to the Lord are
basically a summary of the promised increasing punishments that will befall
Israel in Leviticus 26:18ff.
“ 'You will be consoled when you see their conduct and their actions, for you will know that I have done nothing in it without cause', declares the Sovereign Lord.” (Ezek. 14:23)
While we have no idea when the Lord gave Ezekiel the message concerning the four types of disasters that would befall an unfaithful nation, “it appears to have been delivered in response to the principles of divine retribution espoused by Ezekiel. The comprehensiveness of the judgment on Israel that he was predicting appears to have cast doubt on the justice of God” (NICOT, 442).
As a result, the Lord uses three distinguished
men in the Bible known for their righteousness—Noah and Job of old, and Daniel,
their contemporary — to contrast the wickedness of Jerusalem and to highlight the
full justification of God’s relentless punishment which incidentally carries the following two theological motifs:
- Righteousness (and thus salvation) cannot be carried from one person to another. We all have to answer for our lives before God personally.
- In spite of the well-deserved judgment pronounced by God on Jerusalem, God will, out of pure grace and mercy on His part, preserve a remnant whose changed conduct
(which has already been shown previously as a result of a new God-given spirit in 11:19) will show that God has done nothing without cause (14:23).
I was deeply touched by the last message recently, as I experienced unexplainable hardship concerning a series of events in my life. On the one hand, as I brought my problems before the Lord every day, I had peace knowing that God was in absolute control over these issues. Yet the unusual nature of these hardships did drive me crazy, until one day I came across these words of Ezekiel, “for you will know that I have done nothing in it without cause” (14:23). Of course, my problems paled in light of the hardship faced by the audience of Ezekiel; just the same, now that these series of very challenging events have passed, I can firmly testify that God knows exactly what He is doing in our lives, and everything in our lives does happen for a reason and that is to accomplish His good, pleasing and perfect will (Rom. 12:2). It is for the ultimate good of those who love Him (Rom. 8:28).
(1) The Lord often uses the imagery of a vineyard or vine to describe how precious Israel is to Him (Isa. 5:1; Jer. 2:21; Ps. 80:8 etc. ). As a result, when the imagery of vine is invoked, what will the audience of Ezekiel think of themselves?
(2) But in this imagery, it is not the vine as a plant, but it is the wood that is the focus. How should one respond to the Lord’s question in v. 2 then?
(3) The Lord follows up His question by asking: "Is wood ever taken from it to make anything useful?".
a. Under what circumstance is the “wood” or stem of the vine taken from the plant itself? (See Jn. 15:1ff)
b. Once taken from it, will the wood be useful to make pegs? Why?
c. Since it is useless for any other purpose, it is at best used as fuel for fire. And when it is used for fuel and both ends are burnt and the middle charred, what good is it then?
15:6-8—Imagery Applied to Jerusalem
(4) What has Jerusalem gone through by the time Ezekiel and his people are in exile?
(5) Although there are people who with their king remain in Jerusalem, how does the above imagery in v. 4 fit their present plight?
(6) What will happen to this charred vine? (v. 7)
(7) What will be the final outcome of Jerusalem and why? (v. 8)
(8) Self-reflection:
a. Who were you before you came to know the Lord?
b. Who are you today and why?
c. How does this imagery serve to help you as a warning and an encouragement?
(9) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“How is wood of a vine better than that of a branch on any of the trees in the forest?” (Ezek. 15:2)
“Although the burden of this oracle is to reinforce the message of 14:12-23, two specific implications of the metaphor deserve notice:
"First, the claim to divine election is not substitute for covenant faithfulness. This oracle disputes Israel’s false claim to security based on their being the royal vine, the privileged people of God. However, they must respond to the call to this high role with willing obedience to the divine King who has called them to Himself. Grace places high demands on its recipients, and unless one matches one’s claims with adherence to His will, one may well wake up one day to the reality that far from being his or her protector and patron. God has actually become the adversary.
"Second, the judgment visited up those who do not match profession with faithfulness is severe. In obvious dependence on this text, Jesus warns His disciples of the fate of useless branches: “I am the true vine, and my Father is the vine grower. He removes every branch in me that bears no fruit…Whoever does not abide in me is thrown away like a branch, and withers; such branches are gathered, thrown into the fire and burned.” (Jn. 15:1-2a, 6, NRSV). The call to vine status is a call to bearing the fruit of obedience to the covenant Lord (cf. Jn. 15:8-17).”
(NICOT, Ezekiel, 459)
The Allegory of Unfaithful Jerusalem: It should be noted that Jerusalem is chastised as a representative of the whole house of Israel.
(1) What does the following allegory seek to show? (v. 2)
(2) Her spiritual origin (v. 3): Her origin is likened to the Canaanites who were known for their ungodliness in ancient times.
a. Why does God liken them to the Amorites? (see Gen. 15:16)
b. Why does God liken them to the Hittites? (see Gen. 27:46)
c. What does this insulting allegory mean to tell the Israelites?
(3) An abandoned child (vv. 4-5)
a. What normally is the occasion of a birth of a child to a family?
b. What is the result for a new born baby when the following happen?
- The umbilical cord is not cut.
- The body is not washed with water.
- The body is not rubbed with salt.
- The baby is not wrapped in cloths.
c. What picture is depicted of Israel spiritually? (v. 5)
(4) Rescued and adopted (vv. 6-7)
a. Who has come to her rescue? (v. 6)
b. What has Israel become?
(5) Marriage covenant (v. 8)
a. What special relationship has God entered into with Israel?
b. What is the result of this marriage covenant? (v. 8b)
(6) The wedding (vv. 9-14). How does this
metaphor apply to Israel in these verses?
a. In v. 9
b. In v. 10
c. In vv. 11-13a
d. In v. 13b
e. What kind of status has Israel risen to in vv. 13c-14?
(7) Their unfaithfulness (vv. 15-19)
a. How should Israel repay for such love and mercy that are of the Lord? (see Exod. 19:5-6)
b. Why has Israel become unfaithful to the Lord? (v. 15)
c. How unthinkable is her action? (vv. 15b-16)?
d. Do you agree with God’s comment in v. 16? Why or why not?
e. What in essence are God’s accusations in vv. 17-19?
(8) In this allegory:
a. What is the word you can use to describe God’s feeling?
b. What is the word you can use to describe Israel’s unfaithfulness?
c. How does this allegory speak to you personally?
(9) What is the message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“Such things should not happen, nor should they ever occur.” (Ezek. 16:16)
In reading this allegory about the unfaithfulness of Israel, one cannot help but feel the deep pain and hurt of this husband who has poured his love over this bride who is of the utmost humble origin. But it is even more alarming to realize that this husband is none other than the Almighty God; it even more stunning to realize that this loving deliverance and subsequent taking of Israel is accomplished through the death of the Son of God on the cross, so that Israel can truly become His (16:8).
As much as the betrayal of Israel, as a result, seems unthinkable and unforgivable, she is simply a picture of all humankind, including you and me.
Had Christ not come to die for us, we would have been left to die like a baby thrown out and left to die in the open field (16:5)!
Had Christ not come to die for us, we would have been naked and bare, living in open shame of our sins and wickedness.
Had Christ not come to die of us, we would have been enslaved by Satan and lived a life of self-destruction, self-deception and great misery.
In response of such amazing love and grace, this is how the Apostle Paul resolved to live: “I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God who loved me and gave Himself for me.” (Gal. 2:20)
Israel’s Abomination Exposed
(1) Sacrifice of their children (vv. 20-22)
a. To whom do her children belong? (v. 20)
b. What detestable practices does she subject her children to? (See 2 Ki. 16:3; 17:17; 21:6 etc. )
c. What has she forgotten in all these actions? (v. 22)
(2) Open idolatry (vv. 23-25)
a. What is the picture painted of her idolatry in this accusation?
b. Given who she is before the Lord, how sad is her condition? (v. 25)
(3) Prostitution with neighboring enemies (vv. 26-29)
a. Why is her relationship with Egypt one of prostitution? (see Isa. 30:2ff as an example)
b. How has God already punished her for their actions? (vv. 27-28; see 2 Chr. 28:18)
c. How has she turned to the Assyrians? (v. 28; see 2 Ki. 16:7; Isa. 57:8)
d. Which king, in particular, began courting the Babylonians? (v. 29; see 2 Ki. 20:12-19)
(4) A cheap prostitute (vv. 30-34)
a. How does the Lord sum up her unfaithful acts? (vv. 30-31)
b. How base is her unfaithfulness compared to other prostitutes? (vv. 32-34)
(5) God’s judgment in wrath and jealousy (vv. 35-42)
a. Who will be God’s instruments of punishment? (v. 37)
b. What will God’s punishment involve? (vv. 38-41)
c. What reasons are given for such merciless punishments? (vv. 35-36)
d. When will God’s wrath subside? (vv. 41-42)
(6) What is the message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
“Then my wrath against you will subside and my jealous anger will turn away from you: I will be calm and no longer angry.” (Ezek. 16:42)
The wrath of God toward the detestable practices of Israel is expressed using the analogy of a husband who is deeply hurt by his adulterous wife. When we are reading the painful ranting of the Lord, we cannot help but sense that is it more than an analogy but actual hurt and pain inflicted in an intimate love relationship. At the end of the pronouncement of His judgment in this section, God declares that His wrath, as a result, will subside and His jealous anger will turn away. Honestly, I was wondering if God was such a God of vengeance that He would only be satisfied after inflicting injuries on Israel. I have found one of the opinions that Calvin refers to rather helpful in this respect:
“We stopped yesterday at the passage where God pronounces that His rivalry should depart from the Jews. Some interpret this of jealousy, and this sense does not please me; for we know that God has hitherto spoken in the character of a husband. But when a husband avenges the injury which he has suffered, he is enflamed with jealousy. Hence he has no moderation in his wrath; but when he begins to despise his wife because she is defiled, and to think her unworthy of further notice, then his anger and indignation is allayed. So, therefore, some understand it, My jealousy shalt depart from thee, that is Thou shalt be no longer esteemed as my wife, but I shall despise as if thou wert altogether strange and unknown to me…”
(Calvin’s Commentaries, XII, 147)
In other words, it is not the vengeance that God is satisfied with and is appeased by, but the separation of the relationship that ends His pain and hurt which is ultimate judgment of the unfaithful Israel.
“Great, Almighty God, since Thou hast hitherto sustained us, and since we are worthy of being utterly destroyed a hundred times—Grant, I say, that we may repent of ourselves that horrible judgment of which Thou settest before us a specimen in Thine ancient people; and may we so devote ourselves to Thee in the true chastity of faith, that we may experience the course of Thy goodness until we enjoy the eternal inheritance which Thine only-begotten Son has acquired for us by His blood. Amen.” (Ditto)
God’s rage has not stopped with His pronouncement of judgment because of Judah’s unfaithfulness, but has continued by comparing her with Samaria (the now destroyed northern kingdom of Israel) and Sodom (see Note below):
(1) Before this comparison, what particular sin does the Lord point out once again? (v. 43a) Why?
(2) Is not remembering who we were and what grace and mercies we have received from the Lord a common fault of yours as well? How might you keep yourself from this sin?
(3) Which proverb does the Lord invoke in His further chastisement of Judah? (v. 44)
(4) As we have previously considered, the Amorites and the Hittites epitomized the wickedness and godlessness of the ancient world.What then is the implication of citing Samaria and Sodom as their daughters? (vv. 45-46)
(5) How wicked was Samaria, the Northern Kingdom of Israel? (see the Bible's comments at its destruction in 2 Ki. 17:7-18)
(6) How is Judah now compared to them? (v. 47)
(7) What was God’s verdict on Judah earlier through the mouth of Jeremiah? (Jer. 3:6-11)
(8) How wicked was Sodom
a. According to the accounts in Genesis 18:20-21 and 19:4 ff how wicked was Sodom?
b. What further details of their sin are now provided by Ezekiel? (vv. 49-50)
c. How does the Book of Jude refer to their sin? (Jude 7)
d. What judgment did they receive from the hand of God? (v. 50; Gen. 19:23-26)
(9) By comparison, how wicked is Judah? Why? (vv. 48, 51-52)
(10) How does the Lord compare the Jews of His days to Sodom? (Matt. 10:15; 11:23-24)
(11) How would you compare the world of today to Sodom?
(12) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
Note:
“The land of Canaan (Amorite father and Hittite mother, cf. above) had given birth to three very corrupt daughters and their corresponding granddaughters (probably in this figure referring to the cities and environs which followed each of these major cities).”
(Alexander, 55)
“'As surely as I live', declares the Sovereign Lord, 'you sister Sodom and her daughters never did what you and your daughters have done'.” (Ezek. 16:48)
As we read the accounts in Genesis, we have come to understand how wicked the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were. Consider the following:
- The Lord Himself says of the cities: “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sins so grievous” (Gen. 18:20) that He had no choice but to do something rather unheard of even in ancient times, the exercise of temporal judgment on the cities “rain[ing] down burning sulfur" to completely destroy their cities (Gen. 19:24).
- The Genesis account also highlights the blatant homosexual rape that the men of the cities intended to inflict on the angels of the Lord.
- The Book of Jude sums up their sins also with these words, “In a similar way, Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding towns gave themselves up to sexual immorality and perversion” (Jude 7).
But sexual perversion, as wicked as it is, is not the only sin of Sodom; Ezekiel adds that they were: “arrogant, overfed and unconcerned; they did not help the poor and needy. They were haughty and did detestable things before me (i.e. the Lord)” (16:49-50).
As wicked as Sodom was, Ezekiel chastises the people of Judah as more wicked and the Lord also rebukes the people of Capernaum of His days that “For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Sodom, it would have remained to this day.” (Matt. 11:23).
The reason for such rebukes it obvious: Sodom did not have the Law of Moses and the prophets that Judah had, and in the case of the Jews of Jesus’ times, Sodom did not see the miracles that Jesus performed!
Since that was the case with Judah and the Jews in Jesus’ times, the world today has no excuse because we not only have what the people of Jews of old had, but also the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ and the entire gospel of the New Testament which points us to the only “Way, Truth and Life” of salvation who is Jesus Christ.
The comparison of Judah with Samaria and Sodom now takes a surprising ending:
(1) In spite of His hurt and pain inflicted by Judah, now the Lord promises restoration:
a. Who will be restored? (v. 53)
b. What is the reason given? (v. 54)
c. How does it work?
(2) The promise of restoration is such that they “will return to what they were before”:
a. Had Sodom and Samaria not been completely destroyed? Could they return to what they were physically?
b. What does it mean then? (See Note below)
(3) What shame will the plight of Judah bring upon themselves? (vv. 57-58)
(4) God's covenant with them (vv. 59-63)
a. What has Judah done to their covenant with the Lord? (v. 59)
b. What will God do to this covenant broken by them? (v. 60)
c. How would they be truly ashamed?
- because of all the punishments?
- because of God’s everlasting covenant?
- Why? (v. 63)
d. Through what means will God establish His everlasting covenant? (v. 63)
e. How is this atonement accomplished? (see Heb. 2:17)
(5) What is the main message to you today and how may you apply it to your life?
Note:
The meaning of restoration can be
seen in
“the restoration of Job’s original good fortune, including the return of his standing in the community, his wealth and his family…Perhaps, Ezekiel is using the name of Sodom as a designation for the region south (and east) of Judah, incorporating the Dead Sea and its environs. In a later vision (47:3-12) of the new order the prophet anticipates that even the Dead Sea will be revived and once more swarm with life. However, Sodom may also function as a metonymic designation for the Canaanite element within the Israelite population, in which case the present picture of restoration reflects the tripartite makeup of the population of Israel: the northern kingdom with Samaria as its capital, the kingdom of Judah with Jerusalem as the seat of power, and the Canaanite remnant, represented by Sodom.”
(NICOT, 513-4)
“Then when I make atonement for you for all you have done, you will remember and be ashamed and never again open your mouth because of your humiliation.” (Ezek. 16:63)
We have to admit that in the first 16 chapters that we have read so far, the messages through Ezekiel are overwhelmingly that of rebukes and warnings of coming judgment, and in the current chapter, the ranting and raving of the Lord like a jealous husband leaves us in no doubt of the fate of Jerusalem. As a result, the message in the last part of the chapter comes as a total surprise in that Jerusalem will eventually come to be ashamed of all she has done not because of the severe judgments, but because of God’s promise of restoration, not only of Jerusalem, but also of Sodom and Samaria (16:53).
Daniel Block is right as he entitles this section as “The Good Good News: The Triumph of Grace”. His remarks about the initial choosing of Israel apply equally to the final restoration of Israel:
“(They) offer one of the most vivid pictures of the grace of God in the entire Bible. Several dimensions of divine grace stand out:
(1) The source and motivation of divine love lies entirely in God Himself — nothing in the human person calls for or warrants such grace. Divine favor is unconditional and unaffected by the impressive quality or potential utility of the object (cf. Deut. 7:7-9; Rom. 5:6-11).
(2) The reach of divine love knows no limits. God not only rescue the destitute from death, He also lavishes on them His gifts with unrestrained generosity (Eph. 1:1-6).
(3) The seriousness of divine love is expressed in the covenantal relationship He establishes with those to whom He reaches out to. In God’s covenant faithfulness the helpless may find perfect security.
(4) The power of divine love is displayed in its ability to transform a wretched filthy person into the most beautiful trophy of grace, a glorious witness for all the world to see. Apart from God’s love one is nothing, but as its object one is elevated to the status of royalty to showcase the divine splendor.”
(NICOT, Ezekiel, 521)